To the Editor: Physicians who perform scientific clinical studies, using adequate control groups, must justify the risks to patients from whom apparent therapeutic benefits may be withheld.

An ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) occurs when then atrial septum near the atrioventricular valves has a communication between the two atrium causing a left to right shunt. This rarely ...

Primum non nocere. First, do no harm. This is the heart—if not the very soul of medicine. It is the ideal by which all who have dedicated their work to the literal betterment of their fellow ...