Ancient microbes illustrate a particular kind of respiration in which carbon dioxide and hydrogen are combined to form acetic ...

This requires energy. These molecules can be recycled so that a constant stream of energy rich ATP is available for all metabolic pathways in the cell. Almost all cellular processes need ATP to ...

Indeed, although the oxidation pathways of fatty acids ... In fact, many different cells do oxidize fatty acids for ATP production (Figure 2). Between meals, cardiac muscle cells meet 90% of ...

The SNF1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family maintains the balance between ATP production and consumption ... the system activates catabolic pathways and switches off protein, carbohydrate ...